Risk of embarrassment and helping

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Robert Foss
Nell Crenshaw
Cite this article:  Foss, R., & Crenshaw, N. (1978). Risk of embarrassment and helping. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 6(2), 243-246.


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To examine the effects of one kind of cost on helping behavior, 32 males and 32 females were provided with an opportunity to offer help spontaneously in a nonemergency situation. In one condition persons risked a somewhat embarrassing encounter by helping, while the other involved little or no risk of embarrassment. Helping was more frequent in the non-embarrassing condition; there was no overall sex difference in helping, but sex interacted with the experimental treatment to produce a strong interaction. The results support contentions that potential embarrassment deters helping in nonemergency situations and thatt person-situation interactions ought to be more carefully studied by social psychologists.
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© 1978 Scientific Journal Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.